Xa sele ithathwa njengobukhosi baseMelika, iiVanderbilts zabonisa ubungangamsha beGolden Age.Baziwa ngokwenza amatheko amnandi, bakwanoxanduva lokwakha awona makhaya makhulu nawona anobunewunewu eUnited States.Enye indawo enjalo yiNkundla ye-Elm, ekubikwa ukuba inkulu kangangokuba igubungela izixeko ezibini.Isandula kuthengiswa nge-8m yeedola (i-£ 6.6m), ngaphezulu kwe-4 yezigidi zeedola kufutshane nexabiso layo lokuqala le- $ 12.5m (£ 10.3m) elicelayo.Cofa okanye uskrole ukuze ukhenkethe eli khaya limangalisayo kwaye ufunde ukuba lidlale indima njani kwiziganeko ezibini zembali…
Imi phakathi kwesixeko saseStockbridge kunye neLenox, Massachusetts, indawo yeehektare ezingama-89 ngokungathandabuzekiyo yeyona ndawo ifanelekileyo yokubalekela enye yezona ntsapho zibalaseleyo emhlabeni.UFrederick Law Olmsted, indoda engasemva kweCentral Park, wade waqeshwa ukuba akhe iigadi zale ndlu inkulu.
I-Vanderbilts yenye yezona ntsapho zityebileyo kwimbali yaseMelika, inyani ehlala ithule njengoko ubutyebi babo bunokulandelelwa emva kumrhwebi kunye nomnini wamakhoboka uCornelius Vanderbilt.Ngo-1810, waboleka i-100 yeedola (i-£76) (malunga ne-2,446 yeedola namhlanje) kumama wakhe ukuze aqalise ishishini losapho kwaye waqala ukusebenza ngenqanawa yabakhweli eya eStaten Island.Emva kwexesha wasebenza kwi-steamboats ngaphambi kokuseka iNew York Central Railroad.Ngokutsho kweForbes, kuthiwa uKorneli waqokelela ubutyebi obuzizigidi ezili-100 zeerandi (ii-76 lezigidi zeerandi) ebomini bakhe, imali elingana ne-2.9 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi kwimali yanamhlanje, nangaphezulu kunaleyo yayikuNondyebo waseMelika ngelo xesha.
Ewe kunjalo, uKorneli kunye nosapho lwakhe basebenzisa ubutyebi babo ukwakha izindlu ezinkulu, kubandakanya indawo yaseBiltmore eNorth Carolina, ehlala iyeyona ndawo yokuhlala inkulu eUnited States.INkundla ye-Elm yenzelwe umzukulwana kaKorneli uEmily Thorne Vanderbilt kunye nomyeni wakhe uWilliam Douglas Sloan, oboniswe apha.Babehlala e-2 West 52nd Street eManhattan, eNew York, kodwa bafuna ikhaya lasehlotyeni ukuze babaleke ukuphithizela kweBig Apple.
Ke, ngo-1885, esi sibini sayalela ifemu eyiyo eyiPeabody kunye neStearns ukuyila inguqulelo yokuqala yeThe Breakers, ikhaya lasehlotyeni likaCornelius Vanderbilt II, kodwa ngelishwa latshatyalaliswa ngomlilo.Ngowe-1886 i-Elm Yard yagqitywa.Nangona ithathwa njengekhaya elilula leholide, libanzi kakhulu.Namhlanje, ihlala iyeyona ndawo inkulu yokuhlala kwi-shingle e-United States.Lo mfanekiso, owathatyathwa ngowe-1910, ubalaselisa ubungangamsha beli lifa.
Nangona kunjalo, uEmily noWilliam abonwabanga kakhulu ngesipaki sabo sasehlotyeni, njengoko beye balungisa ikhaya, amagumbi ongeziweyo, kwaye baqeshe abasebenzi abaninzi ukuba bahlangabezane neemfuno zabo.Lo mhlaba awuzange ugqitywe de kwasekuqaleni kweminyaka yee-1900.Nge-façade ebomvu ebomvu, ii-turrets ezikhulayo, iifestile ze-lattice kunye ne-Tudor decor, i-estate yenza umbono wokuqala.
Kuyaqondakala ukuba, uEmily nomyeni wakhe uWilliam, abaqhuba ishishini labo losapho lakwaW. & J. Sloane, ifanitshala yodidi oluphezulu kunye nevenkile yeekhaphethi kwisiXeko saseNew York, abazange bakhuphe ndleko ukuyila ikhaya labo elisemthethweni elimangalisayo kwisitayile seGolded Age.Kangangeminyaka, isibini seVIP sibambe uthotho lwamaqela amnandi ehotele.Kwanasemva kokufa kukaWilliam ngowe-1915, uEmily waqhubeka echitha ihlobo lakhe ehlotyeni kwindawo ahlala kuyo, eyayiyindawo yeendibano ezibalulekileyo ezahlukahlukeneyo ukuba yayingezizo zonke iindibano zokuzonwabisa.Enyanisweni, indlu ifihla ibali elimangalisayo.Ngowe-1919 yasingatha uthethathethwano lweNkundla ye-Elm, enye yongcelele lweenkomfa zobupolitika ezaguqula ihlabathi.
Umnyango wendlu ubungangamsha njengoko kwakunjalo ngexesha lokuhlala uEmily noWilliam.Uthethathethwano olwalubanjwe apha kwiminyaka eli-100 eyadlulayo lwanceda ukuzisa iSivumelwano saseVersailles, isivumelwano soxolo esasayinwa kwiBhotwe laseVersailles ekupheleni kweMfazwe yeHlabathi yokuQala.Kwakhona le ntlanganiso yakhokelela ekusekweni koManyano Lwezizwe, olwasekwa ngowe-1920 njengendlela yokucombulula iingxabano zamazwe ngamazwe ezizayo.Okumangalisayo kukuba, iNkundla ye-Elm idlale indima ebalulekileyo kwezi ziganeko zimbini ezibalulekileyo.
Ngowe-1920, kwiminyaka emihlanu emva kokufa kukaWilliam, uEmily watshata noHenry White.Wayesakuba ngunozakuzaku wase-US, kodwa ngelishwa uMhlophe wasweleka kwiNkundla yase-Elm ngo-1927 ngenxa yeengxaki zoqhaqho kwaye batshata iminyaka esixhenxe kuphela.UEmily wasweleka kwi-estate ngo-1946 eneminyaka engama-94. Umzukulwana kaEmily uMarjorie Field Wild kunye nomyeni wakhe uColonel Helm George Wild bayithatha le ndlu intle kwaye bayivulela iindwendwe njengehotele ehlala abantu abangama-60.Ngesilingi yayo enomtsalane egciniweyo kunye neepaneli, ngokuqinisekileyo le iya kuba yindawo entle yokuhlala!
Sinokuba nomfanekiso-ngqondweni weendwendwe zibuka le hotele intle kangaka.Ucango lwangaphambili luvula kule ndawo imangalisayo, nto leyo yayisenzelwa ukudala ulwamkelo olufudumeleyo lwabakhenkethi.Ukusuka kwiziko elikhulu elihonjiswe nge-Art Nouveau bas-reliefs ye-swallows kunye nemidiliya, ukuya kwimigangatho ekhazimlayo yeparquet kunye nemihombiso evulekileyo yevelvet, le lobby yenza umbono ongapheliyo.
Ikhaya le-55,000-square-foot linamagumbi angama-106, kwaye indawo nganye izaliswe ngeempawu zezakhiwo ezimangalisayo kunye neenkcukacha zokuhombisa, kuquka iindawo zomlilo ezibaswa ngamaplanga, iidraperi ezintle, izinto zokuhombisa, izibane ezihonjisiweyo kunye nefenitshala yakudala.Indawo yokuhlala ikhokelela kwindawo yokuhlala ebanzi eyenzelwe ukuphumla, ukwamkela iindwendwe kunye nokusebenza.Indawo inokuthi isetyenziswe njengendawo yebhola yomsitho wangokuhlwa, okanye mhlawumbi igumbi lebhola lesidlo sangokuhlwa esimnandi.
Ithala leencwadi leplanga elihonjiswe ngokutyebileyo lendlu enkulu yembali lelinye lawona magumbi agqwesileyo.Iindonga ezikhanyayo ezinemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, iikhabhathi zeencwadi ezakhelwe ngaphakathi, umlilo ovuthayo, kunye nekhaphethi emangalisayo ephakamisa igumbi, akukho ndawo engcono yokugoba ngencwadi elungileyo.
Ukuthetha ngemigangatho yabalinganiswa, le ndawo yokuhlala esesikweni ingasetyenziswa njengendawo yokuphumla emva kosuku olude okanye njengendawo yokutyela yokutya kwemihla ngemihla.Ngeefestile ezisezantsi ukuya eluphahleni ezijonge egadini ngaphandle kunye neengcango zeglasi ezityibilikayo ezikhokelela kwindawo yokugcina izinto, ngokuqinisekileyo iiVanderbilts ziyakonwabela ii-cocktails ezininzi ngeengokuhlwa zasehlotyeni.
Ikhitshi ehlaziyiweyo ibanzi kwaye iqaqambile, inezinto zoyilo eziphazamisa imigca phakathi kwemveli kunye neyanamhlanje.Ukusuka kwizixhobo zombane ezikumgangatho ophezulu ukuya kwindawo ebanzi yokusebenzela, iindonga eziveziweyo zezitena kunye nefenitshala yexesha elihle, eli khitshi libalaseleyo lilungele umpheki odumileyo.
Ikhitshi ivula i-pantry entle eneekhabhathi zomthi ezimnyama, iisinki eziphindwe kabini kunye nesihlalo sefestile apho unokonwabela iimbono eziphefumlayo zemihlaba.Okumangalisayo kukuba, i-pantry inkulu kunekhitshi ngokwayo, ngokwe-realtor.
Indlu ngoku idweliswe kwiRejista yeSizwe yeeNdawo zeMbali, kwaye ngelixa amanye amagumbi ebuyiselwe kakuhle, amanye alahliwe.Le ndawo yayikade iligumbi lebhiliyoni, ngokungathandabuzekiyo indawo yobusuku obuninzi bemidlalo yosapho lweVanderbilt.Ngephaneli yomthi wesage entle, indawo yomlilo enkulu kunye neefestile ezingapheliyo, kulula ukucinga ukuba eli gumbi linokuba luncedo kangakanani ngokhathalelo oluncinci.
Ngeli xesha, ibhafu engwevu ishiywe ngaphakathi, kwaye ipeyinti ixobuka kwii-arches zocango.Ngo-1957, umzukulwana ka-Emily uMarjorie wayivala ihotele kwaye intsapho yakwaVanderbilt yayeka ngokupheleleyo ukuyisebenzisa.Ngokwe-arhente yoluhlu lweCompass uJohn Barbato, indlu eshiyiweyo ibingenamntu kangangeminyaka engama-40 okanye engama-50, ngokuthe ngcembe iwa ekuwohlokeni.Iphinde yaba lixhoba lokonakaliswa kunye nokuphangwa de uRobert Berle, umzukulwana kaEmily Vanderbilt, wathenga iNkundla yase-Elm ngo-1999.
URobert walungisa imeko eyathi yabuyisela esi sakhiwo sihle elunxwemeni.Wagxila kwigumbi lokuzonwabisa eliphambili lekhaya kunye namagumbi okulala, kwaye walungisa ikhitshi kunye nephiko labakhonzi.Kangangeminyaka eliqela, uRobert wasebenzisa le ndlu njengendawo yomtshato, kodwa akazange awugqibe wonke umsebenzi.NgokukaRealtor, ngaphezulu kwamagumbi angama-65 anendawo emalunga ne-20,821 yesikwere seemitha ezibuyiselweyo.I-30,000 yeenyawo ezisele zilindele ukuhlangulwa.
Kwenye indawo mhlawumbi yenye yezona zitepsi zintle sakha sazibona.Iisilingi eziluhlaza ezikhanyayo, iiplanga ezimhlophe-khephu, iilustrade ezihonjisiweyo kunye neekhaphethi ezibengezelayo zenza le ndawo iphuphayo ihonjiswe ngokugqibeleleyo.Amanyathelo akhokelela kumagumbi okulala aqaqambileyo aphezulu.
Ukuba uquka onke amagumbi okulala abasebenzi endlwini, inani lezindlu zokulala liphakama kwi-47 emangalisa. Nangona kunjalo, kuphela i-18 ekulungele ukufumana iindwendwe.Le yenye yeefoto ezimbalwa esinazo, kodwa kucacile ukuba umsebenzi onzima kaRobert uhlawule.Ukusuka kwiindawo zomlilo ezihonjisiweyo kunye nefenitshala ukuya kunyango olugqwesileyo lwefestile, ukubuyiswa kwenziwe ngobuchule, kusongeza ukubanjwa kokulula kwale mihla kwigumbi ngalinye.
Eli gumbi lokulala linokuba yindawo engcwele ka-Emily, egcwele indawo enkulu yokuhamba-ngaphakathi kunye nendawo yokuhlala apho unokuphumla ikofu yakho yasekuseni.Sicinga ukuba nabantu abadumileyo baya kuvuyiswa yile wardrobe, ngenxa yodonga lwayo kunye nendawo yokugcina, iidrowa kunye ne-niches yezicathulo.
Le ndlu inamagumbi okuhlambela angama-23, uninzi lwawo lubonakala ngathi lufanelekile.Le inephalethi yekhrimu enezixhobo zobhedu zakudala kunye nebhafu eyakhelweyo.Kubonakala ngathi kukho amagumbi okulala ali-15 ngakumbi kwaye ubuncinci amagumbi okuhlambela ali-12 kwiphiko elicocekileyo lekhaya elitofotofo, onke afuna ukulungiswa.
Kukho izitepsi ezongezelelweyo, ezingaphantsi kobuhle obungaphantsi kwesitebhisi sangaphambili esisembindini wendlu, esibekwe emva kwendlu ecaleni kwekhitshi.Izitepsi ezibini zazixhaphakile kuyilo lwendlu enkulu njengoko zazivumela izicaka nabanye abasebenzi ukuba bahambe phakathi kwemigangatho bengabonwa.
Ipropathi ikwanendawo engaphantsi komhlaba enkulu elindele ukubuyiselwa kuzuko lwayo lwangaphambili.Kwakunokuba yindawo apho abasebenzi banokuhlangana khona ngexesha lokutshintsha okanye ukugcina ukutya kunye newayini kumaqela amnandi kwintsapho yaseVanderbilt.Ngoku umnqakathi omncinci, indawo eshiyiweyo ineendonga eziwohlokayo, imigangatho egqunywe ngamabhodlo, kunye nezinto eziveziweyo zesakhiwo.
Ukuphumela ngaphandle, uya kubona ingca ebanzi, amachibi enyibiba, amabala emithi, amabala avulekileyo, iigadi ezibiyelweyo, kunye nezakhiwo zembali eziphambeneyo eziyilwe ngumfanekiso wobume bomhlaba omkhulu waseMelika, uFrederick Law Orme.Ibhalwe nguFrederick Law Olmsted.Ngalo lonke ixesha lomsebenzi wakhe oqaqambileyo, u-Olmsted usebenze eNiagara Falls State Park, eMount Royal Park eMontreal, kunye neBiltmore Estate yaseAsheville, eNorth Carolina, phakathi kwabanye.Nangona kunjalo, iCentral Park yaseNew York ihlala iyindalo yakhe edumileyo.
Lo mfanekiso umangalisayo, owathathwa ngo-1910, uthatha uEmily noWilliam ngexesha lolawulo lwabo.Ibonisa indlela ezazibukeka ngayo izitiya ezazifudula zintle, zinehengo ezicocekileyo, imithombo esesikweni kunye neendlela ezijikajikayo.
Nangona kunjalo, ayisiyiyo yonke into efihliweyo kule yadi intle ngasemva.Zininzi izinto ezakhayo ezinomtsalane kule ndawo, zonke zilungile kwaye zilindele ukubuyiselwa.Kukho izindlu zabasebenzi ezithathu, kuquka nendlwana enamagumbi asibhozo ebhula, kunye neendawo zokuhlala zomntu osebenza egadini kunye nomkhathaleli, kunye nendlu yekhareji.
Lo myezo unawo amaqonga amabini kunye nesitali esihle.Ngaphakathi kwezitali zixhotyiswe ngezahlulo ezintle zobhedu.Kukho iinketho ezingapheliyo xa kufikwa kwinto onokuyenza ngesi sithuba.Yenza indawo yokutyela, uyiguqule ibe yindawo yokuhlala eyahlukileyo okanye uyisebenzisele ukukhwela ihashe.
Le ndawo inezindlu ezininzi zokugcina izityalo ezisetyenziselwa ukulima ukutya kosapho lwaseVanderbilt.Kwi-1958, unyaka emva kokuba ihotele ivaliwe, owayengumlawuli weNkundla ye-Elm uTony Fiorini wamisa i-nursery yorhwebo kwi-estate waza wavula iivenkile ezimbini zendawo ukuthengisa iziqhamo zomsebenzi wakhe.Ipropati inokubuyisela ifa lemveli ye-horticultural kwaye ibonelele ngomthombo owongezelelweyo wengeniso ukuba umnini omtsha unqwenela njalo.
Ngo-2012, abanini bangoku bepropati bathenga isiza ngenjongo yokwakha ihotele kunye ne-spa, kodwa ngelishwa ezi zicwangciso azizange zizaliseke.Ngoku ekugqibeleni ithengiswe kumphuhlisi, iNkundla ye-Elm ijonge phambili kwisahluko sayo esilandelayo.Asazi ngawe, kodwa asikwazi ukulinda ukubona ukuba abanini abatsha benza ntoni ngale ndawo!
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Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-23-2023